Subjective / Written Questions (25)
1. Explain cleavage, fate maps and gastrulation in frog and chick with reference to yolk distribution. / Frog और chick में cleavage, fate maps तथा gastrulation को yolk distribution के संदर्भ में समझाइए।
2. Critically evaluate the organizer concept and primary induction in vertebrate development. / Vertebrate development में organizer concept और primary induction का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
3. Discuss proximal-distal and dorso-ventral limb patterning and the role of pattern-forming genes. / Limb patterning और pattern-forming genes की भूमिका समझाइए।
4. Compare epimorphic and morphallactic regeneration and explain amphibian limb regeneration. / Epimorphic और morphallactic regeneration तथा amphibian limb regeneration की तुलना कीजिए।
5. Explain endocrine regulation of amphibian metamorphosis. / Amphibian metamorphosis का endocrine regulation समझाइए।
6. Discuss placental types, fetal membranes and maternal-fetal exchange. / Placental types, fetal membranes और maternal-fetal exchange की चर्चा कीजिए।
7. Analyze teratogenesis with examples of developmental windows and congenital abnormalities. / Teratogenesis का developmental windows और congenital abnormalities के संदर्भ में विश्लेषण कीजिए।
8. Evaluate Spemann-Mangold experiments, vital dyeing, extirpation and transplantation in experimental embryology. / Experimental embryology में Spemann-Mangold, vital dyeing, extirpation और transplantation का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
9. Compare ethological, psychological and evolutionary approaches to animal behaviour. / Animal behaviour के ethological, psychological और evolutionary approaches की तुलना कीजिए।
10. Differentiate innate behaviour, learning and fixed action patterns with neural evidence. / Innate behaviour, learning और fixed action patterns को neural evidence सहित अलग कीजिए।
11. Discuss neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory. / Learning और memory के neural mechanisms की चर्चा कीजिए।
12. Analyze hormonal control of motivation and behaviour. / Motivation और behaviour के hormonal control का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
13. Describe a complete recombinant-DNA strategy from gene isolation to clone screening. / Gene isolation से clone screening तक recombinant-DNA strategy समझाइए।
14. Compare cloning vectors, selectable markers and screening methods. / Cloning vectors, selectable markers और screening methods की तुलना कीजिए।
15. Explain hybridoma technology and production of monoclonal antibodies. / Hybridoma technology और monoclonal antibody production समझाइए।
16. Evaluate embryonic stem-cell transfer, embryo transfer and animal cloning. / Embryonic stem-cell transfer, embryo transfer और animal cloning का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
17. Discuss environmental biotechnology through bioconversion, sewage treatment and microbial metal recovery. / Bioconversion, sewage treatment और microbial metal recovery द्वारा environmental biotechnology समझाइए।
18. Explain gene replacement therapy and biosensor applications. / Gene replacement therapy और biosensor applications समझाइए।
19. Explain DNA organization, replication and repair in eukaryotic cells. / Eukaryotic cells में DNA organization, replication और repair समझाइए।
20. Compare transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. / Eukaryotes में transcriptional और post-transcriptional regulation की तुलना कीजिए।
21. Discuss RNA processing and molecular control of protein synthesis. / RNA processing और protein synthesis के molecular control की चर्चा कीजिए।
22. Analyze viral genome replication strategies and their relevance to molecular biology. / Viral genome replication strategies का molecular biology के संदर्भ में विश्लेषण कीजिए।
23. Explain the molecular basis of cancer and selected genetic disorders. / Cancer और selected genetic disorders का molecular basis समझाइए।
24. Compare gene, genome and organelle-genome organization in eukaryotes. / Eukaryotes में gene, genome और organelle-genome organization की तुलना कीजिए।
25. Design a research experiment to distinguish developmental induction from autonomous differentiation. / Developmental induction और autonomous differentiation को अलग करने वाला research experiment design कीजिए।