Subjective / Written Questions (25)
1. Derive the effect of π-donor and π-acceptor ligands on Δo and magnetic behaviour using ligand-field/MO arguments. / π-donor तथा π-acceptor ligands के Δo और magnetic behaviour पर ligand-field/MO के आधार पर प्रभाव derive कीजिए।
2. Using character tables, establish IR/Raman activity for a chosen non-linear molecule and explain the mutual-exclusion criterion. / Character table से किसी non-linear molecule की IR/Raman activity तथा mutual-exclusion criterion स्थापित कीजिए।
3. Critically compare inner- and outer-orbital complexes through valence-bond and crystal-field descriptions. / Valence-bond तथा crystal-field models से inner/outer orbital complexes की तुलना कीजिए।
4. Explain Jablonski transitions and analyse how solvent polarity, lifetime and quantum yield affect fluorescence. / Jablonski transitions समझाकर solvent polarity, lifetime और quantum yield के fluorescence पर प्रभाव का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
5. Use Hückel and perturbation MO ideas to distinguish aromatic, antiaromatic and homoaromatic systems. / Hückel तथा perturbation MO से aromatic, antiaromatic और homoaromatic systems अलग कीजिए।
6. Analyse atropisomerism, allenes and cyclophanes as sources of chirality without a conventional chiral carbon. / Atropisomerism, allenes और cyclophanes में chiral carbon के बिना chirality का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
7. Explain threo/erythro relationships, topicity and prostereoisomerism with stereochemical consequences. / Threo/erythro, topicity और prostereoisomerism को stereochemical consequences सहित समझाइए।
8. Compare SN1, SN2, SNi, SET and neighbouring-group participation mechanisms using kinetic and stereochemical evidence. / Kinetic और stereochemical evidence से SN1, SN2, SNi, SET तथा neighbouring-group participation compare कीजिए।
9. Evaluate ambident nucleophiles and phase-transfer catalysis in controlling regioselectivity. / Ambident nucleophiles तथा phase-transfer catalysis द्वारा regioselectivity का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
10. Discuss non-classical carbocations, phenonium ions and norbornyl systems as evidence for delocalized bonding. / Non-classical carbocations, phenonium ions और norbornyl systems को delocalized bonding के evidence के रूप में discuss कीजिए।
11. Derive the Hammett relationship and explain how substituent constants diagnose electronic effects on reaction rates. / Hammett relationship derive करके substituent constants द्वारा reaction rates के electronic effects समझाइए।
12. Apply conformational analysis to substituted cyclohexanes, decalins and cyclohexanones and relate conformation to reactivity. / Substituted cyclohexanes, decalins और cyclohexanones में conformation को reactivity से relate कीजिए।
13. Explain Baldwin’s rules and Cieplak’s model with suitable mechanistic applications. / Baldwin’s rules और Cieplak model को mechanistic applications सहित समझाइए।
14. Derive thermodynamic criteria for spontaneity and equilibrium and distinguish state functions from path functions. / Spontaneity तथा equilibrium के thermodynamic criteria derive कीजिए और state/path functions अलग कीजिए।
15. Analyse reaction kinetics through integrated rate equations, Arrhenius behaviour and transition-state concepts. / Integrated rate equations, Arrhenius behaviour तथा transition-state concepts से kinetics analyse कीजिए।
16. Explain quantum-mechanical postulates, operators, eigenfunctions and the physical meaning of normalization. / Quantum postulates, operators, eigenfunctions तथा normalization का physical meaning समझाइए।
17. Compare particle-in-box, rigid-rotor and harmonic-oscillator models and identify their spectroscopic consequences. / Particle-in-box, rigid-rotor और harmonic-oscillator models तथा उनके spectroscopic consequences compare कीजिए।
18. Explain partition functions and show how translational, rotational and vibrational contributions connect microscopic states with thermodynamic properties. / Partition functions द्वारा microscopic states को thermodynamic properties से connect कीजिए।
19. Evaluate Langmuir adsorption assumptions and discuss deviations expected for real heterogeneous surfaces. / Langmuir adsorption assumptions तथा real heterogeneous surfaces के deviations evaluate कीजिए।
20. Discuss analytical sampling, sensitivity, selectivity and method selection for a trace analyte in a complex matrix. / Complex matrix में trace analyte के लिए sampling, sensitivity, selectivity और method selection discuss कीजिए।
21. Distinguish accuracy, precision, systematic error and random error and explain propagation of uncertainty. / Accuracy, precision, systematic तथा random errors और uncertainty propagation अलग कीजिए।
22. Compare acid-base, redox, precipitation and complexometric titrations with respect to endpoint chemistry and indicator choice. / Endpoint chemistry और indicator choice के आधार पर titrations compare कीजिए।
23. Explain coprecipitation and post-precipitation and propose measures to obtain a gravimetrically reliable precipitate. / Coprecipitation और post-precipitation समझाकर reliable precipitate प्राप्त करने के उपाय दीजिए।
24. Use UV-Vis, FT-IR and Raman information together to distinguish a set of plausible structures. / UV-Vis, FT-IR और Raman data को combine करके plausible structures distinguish कीजिए।
25. Design a practical workflow for separating and identifying a binary organic mixture and estimating a carbonyl/carbohydrate component. / Binary organic mixture की separation-identification तथा carbonyl/carbohydrate estimation की practical workflow बनाइए।