Subjective / Written Questions (25)
1. Using indifference curves and the linear expenditure system, explain how consumer demand can be analysed when expenditure patterns differ across goods. / Indifference curves तथा linear expenditure system के माध्यम से विभिन्न वस्तुओं के expenditure patterns में consumer demand का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
2. Critically evaluate empirical demand theory for consumer durables under intertemporal choice and uncertainty. / consumer durables की demand को intertemporal choice और uncertainty के संदर्भ में empirical demand theory से आलोचनात्मक रूप से समझाइए।
3. Derive the implications of the von Neumann–Morgenstern expected-utility framework for risky individual choice. / risky individual choice में von Neumann–Morgenstern expected-utility framework के निहितार्थों को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
4. Compare Cobb-Douglas, CES and VES production functions in terms of substitution, returns and economic application. / substitution, returns और economic application के आधार पर Cobb-Douglas, CES और VES production functions की तुलना कीजिए।
5. Explain how technical progress alters the choice of production technique and the derived cost function. / technical progress production technique के चुनाव और derived cost function को कैसे बदलता है?
6. Analyse investment decisions using the present-value rule and discuss its limitations under uncertainty. / present-value rule से investment decisions का विश्लेषण करते हुए uncertainty में इसकी सीमाएँ बताइए।
7. Examine Pareto optimality and Pigouvian welfare economics as alternative foundations for welfare evaluation. / welfare evaluation में Pareto optimality और Pigouvian welfare economics को alternative foundations के रूप में परखिए।
8. Critically discuss the compensation principle and the theory of the second best when Pareto improvement is impossible. / Pareto improvement असंभव होने पर compensation principle तथा theory of the second best की आलोचनात्मक चर्चा कीजिए।
9. Explain Arrow’s impossibility theorem and assess Sen’s response to its implications for social choice. / Arrow’s impossibility theorem तथा उसके social choice implications पर Sen की प्रतिक्रिया का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
10. Compare Rawlsian justice with utilitarian welfare and analyse the equity-efficiency trade-off. / Rawlsian justice और utilitarian welfare की तुलना कर equity-efficiency trade-off का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
11. Explain existence, uniqueness and stability of general equilibrium and why the three are conceptually distinct. / general equilibrium में existence, uniqueness और stability को अलग-अलग concepts के रूप में समझाइए।
12. Analyse excess demand, excess price and adjustment in a lagged market model. / lagged market model में excess demand, excess price और adjustment का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
13. Discuss Walrasian general equilibrium and the role of market-clearing conditions. / Walrasian general equilibrium और market-clearing conditions की भूमिका पर चर्चा कीजिए।
14. Explain input-output analysis and evaluate its usefulness for inter-industry planning. / input-output analysis तथा inter-industry planning में इसकी उपयोगिता का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
15. Compare static and dynamic macroeconomic comparative analysis and explain the role of adjustment paths. / static और dynamic macroeconomic comparative analysis की तुलना कर adjustment paths की भूमिका बताइए।
16. Explain national income deflators, output gaps and NAIRU and discuss their policy interpretation. / national income deflators, output gaps और NAIRU की policy interpretation समझाइए।
17. Analyse social accounting matrices and flow-of-funds accounts in an open and closed economy. / open तथा closed economy में social accounting matrices और flow-of-funds accounts का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
18. Critically examine environmental accounting as an extension of conventional national income accounting. / conventional national income accounting के विस्तार के रूप में environmental accounting का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए।
19. Compare Friedman, Ando-Modigliani and representative-household approaches to consumption and saving. / consumption और saving के लिए Friedman, Ando-Modigliani तथा representative-household approaches की तुलना कीजिए।
20. Explain Tobin’s q, optimal capital stock and investment under uncertainty. / Tobin’s q, optimal capital stock तथा uncertainty में investment को समझाइए।
21. Analyse IS-LM under fixed and flexible prices and compare fiscal and monetary policy effectiveness. / fixed और flexible prices में IS-LM का विश्लेषण कर fiscal तथा monetary policy effectiveness की तुलना कीजिए।
22. Explain adaptive expectations, the natural-rate hypothesis and the monetarist interpretation of inflation-output trade-offs. / adaptive expectations, natural-rate hypothesis और monetarist interpretation को समझाइए।
23. Critically compare the IS-LM-BP framework with the Swan model for internal and external balance. / internal तथा external balance के लिए IS-LM-BP framework और Swan model की तुलना कीजिए।
24. Explain capital mobility and capital controls for small versus large open economies. / small और large open economies में capital mobility तथा capital controls का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
25. Discuss the major puzzles of international macroeconomics and explain why open-economy models may generate divergent policy predictions. / international macroeconomics के major puzzles तथा divergent policy predictions की व्याख्या कीजिए।