Subjective / Written Questions (25)
1. Critically analyse the doctrinal foundation of Comparative Politics: constitutionalism, democracy, parties, pressure groups and comparative approaches and explain how its competing principles affect legal decision-making. / सिद्धान्तगत आधार का आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण कीजिए और बताइए कि competing principles न्यायिक निर्णय को कैसे प्रभावित करते हैं।
2. A dispute presents conflicting claims involving Ethics and Social Philosophy: moral judgement, utilitarianism, Gita ethics, Kant, Gandhi, Sarvodaya and Satyagraha. Frame the legal issues, identify the governing principles and justify the preferable resolution. / कानूनी मुद्दे, लागू सिद्धान्त और बेहतर समाधान को तर्क सहित प्रस्तुत कीजिए।
3. Compare the principal approaches to Constitution of India: constitutional development, Constituent Assembly, Parliament, Executive and federalism, highlighting their assumptions, limits and consequences for justice. / प्रमुख दृष्टिकोणों की तुलना करते हुए उनकी धारणाओं, सीमाओं और न्याय पर प्रभाव स्पष्ट कीजिए।
4. Examine the relationship between Constitutional Law-I: Union-State powers, repugnancy, federal supremacy, trade and commerce, emergencies and constitutional or institutional values, using reasoned legal analysis. / इसके संवैधानिक या संस्थागत मूल्यों से संबंध की विवेचना कीजिए।
5. Discuss the evolution of Law of Contract-I: offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, free consent, void agreements, contingent contracts, discharge, e-contracts and damages and assess whether the contemporary framework adequately responds to new legal problems. / विकासक्रम का परीक्षण करते हुए वर्तमान व्यवस्था की पर्याप्तता का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
6. Evaluate how courts should balance competing interests when applying Environmental Law: environmental protection, pollution, Constitution, EPA 1986, wildlife and hazardous waste, particularly where facts are legally ambiguous. / कठिन मामले में competing interests के संतुलन का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
7. Explain the policy rationale behind Comparative Politics: constitutionalism, democracy, parties, pressure groups and comparative approaches and critically assess whether the rationale remains convincing in present conditions. / नीतिगत औचित्य समझाकर उसकी वर्तमान प्रासंगिकता का critical assessment कीजिए।
8. Distinguish closely related doctrines within Ethics and Social Philosophy: moral judgement, utilitarianism, Gita ethics, Kant, Gandhi, Sarvodaya and Satyagraha and show how a change in one factual element could alter the legal outcome. / संबंधित doctrines में अंतर तथा factual change से परिणाम में बदलाव स्पष्ट कीजिए।
9. Develop a case-analysis framework for a problem centred on Constitution of India: constitutional development, Constituent Assembly, Parliament, Executive and federalism; identify issues, applicable rules, competing arguments and conclusion. / Issue-rule-application-conclusion framework में case analysis कीजिए।
10. Critically assess the evidentiary, procedural and substantive dimensions of Constitutional Law-I: Union-State powers, repugnancy, federal supremacy, trade and commerce, emergencies in a contested legal dispute. / विवाद में evidentiary, procedural और substantive पहलुओं का परीक्षण कीजिए।
11. Discuss the interaction of Law of Contract-I: offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, free consent, void agreements, contingent contracts, discharge, e-contracts and damages with statutory interpretation and precedent, and identify the risks of an overly literal approach. / Statutory interpretation और precedent के साथ संबंध समझाइए।
12. Analyse a hypothetical involving Environmental Law: environmental protection, pollution, Constitution, EPA 1986, wildlife and hazardous waste where two plausible legal positions exist; defend one position with doctrinal reasoning. / दो संभावित कानूनी स्थितियों में एक को doctrinal reasoning से defend कीजिए।
13. Examine the role of judicial discretion in Comparative Politics: constitutionalism, democracy, parties, pressure groups and comparative approaches and explain the safeguards necessary to prevent arbitrary outcomes. / Judicial discretion की भूमिका और arbitrariness रोकने के safeguards बताइए।
14. Assess the social, economic or institutional consequences of applying Ethics and Social Philosophy: moral judgement, utilitarianism, Gita ethics, Kant, Gandhi, Sarvodaya and Satyagraha in a hard case. / कठिन मामले में सामाजिक, आर्थिक या institutional consequences का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
15. Compare the Indian approach to Constitution of India: constitutional development, Constituent Assembly, Parliament, Executive and federalism with the conceptual approach reflected in the syllabus, identifying important differences. / भारतीय दृष्टिकोण की syllabus-based conceptual approach से तुलना कीजिए।
16. Explain the exceptions and limitations associated with Constitutional Law-I: Union-State powers, repugnancy, federal supremacy, trade and commerce, emergencies and show why they matter in practical litigation. / Exceptions और limitations का practical litigation में महत्व समझाइए।
17. Critically examine whether the existing law on Law of Contract-I: offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, free consent, void agreements, contingent contracts, discharge, e-contracts and damages sufficiently protects individual rights while preserving legitimate state or private interests. / Rights protection और legitimate interests के बीच संतुलन का critical assessment कीजिए।
18. Analyse how principles of fairness, reasonableness and legal certainty operate within Environmental Law: environmental protection, pollution, Constitution, EPA 1986, wildlife and hazardous waste. / Fairness, reasonableness और legal certainty के संचालन का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
19. Discuss the relationship between Comparative Politics: constitutionalism, democracy, parties, pressure groups and comparative approaches and access to justice, with attention to practical enforcement problems. / Access to justice और enforcement difficulties के संदर्भ में चर्चा कीजिए।
20. Evaluate the role of precedent in developing Ethics and Social Philosophy: moral judgement, utilitarianism, Gita ethics, Kant, Gandhi, Sarvodaya and Satyagraha; distinguish binding reasoning from persuasive reasoning. / Precedent में binding और persuasive reasoning को अलग कीजिए।
21. A legislative or administrative change affects Constitution of India: constitutional development, Constituent Assembly, Parliament, Executive and federalism. Analyse its likely legal consequences and the arguments available to an affected party. / Legislative/administrative change के legal consequences और available arguments का analysis कीजिए।
22. Explain how a lawyer should advise a client facing a dispute involving Constitutional Law-I: Union-State powers, repugnancy, federal supremacy, trade and commerce, emergencies, including risks, remedies and strategic choices. / Client-advice framework में risks, remedies और strategy बताइए।
23. Critically evaluate the tension between formal doctrine and substantive justice in Law of Contract-I: offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, free consent, void agreements, contingent contracts, discharge, e-contracts and damages. / Formal doctrine और substantive justice के tension का critical evaluation कीजिए।
24. Analyse a fact pattern involving Environmental Law: environmental protection, pollution, Constitution, EPA 1986, wildlife and hazardous waste from both claimant and respondent perspectives before reaching a reasoned conclusion. / Claimant और respondent दोनों perspectives से fact pattern analyse करके conclusion दीजिए।
25. Assess the future challenges likely to arise in Comparative Politics: constitutionalism, democracy, parties, pressure groups and comparative approaches and propose legally defensible ways of addressing them. / भविष्य की चुनौतियों का मूल्यांकन करके legally defensible solutions सुझाइए।